| Egyptian scholars know there is little
| |
| | produced 1 copper artifact. The site is
|
| other than fiction that can be written
| |
| | deeply stratified, with a middle stratum
|
| about the civilization that lived on the
| |
| | radiocarbon date of 4860 +/-150
|
| banks of the Nile in far more recent
| |
| | suggesting that the earliest strata may
|
| times than the beginning of the 'Old
| |
| | be 7000 years old. HOUSKA POINT on the
|
| Copper Culture'. All these things are
| |
| | Rainey Lake in Ranier, Minnesota was
|
| related and the old fictions are
| |
| | excavated in 1970-71. The stratigraphy
|
| replaceable with the story of a worldwide
| |
| | was significantly disturbed. The site
|
| culture with trading posts in each and
| |
| | produced approximately 600 copper
|
| every part of the world. Is there any
| |
| | artifacts, all characterized as fragile.
|
| remnant of cultural pride in Iran that
| |
| | Two gracile socketed forms were found in
|
| treats the ancient metallurgists of their
| |
| | ceramic strata, and a possible socket
|
| region with a different kind of respect
| |
| | fragment in a pre-ceramic strata.
|
| than our history attributes to them? Does
| |
| | {Ceramic technology in this Aztlan area
|
| anyone think these nationalistic
| |
| | was prior to in other areas, and should
|
| ideologues and pedagogues of today are
| |
| | not be regarded in the same archaeologic
|
| real and honest presenters of fact? The
| |
| | period per my research.} Trim bits and
|
| whole concept of nationalism and most
| |
| | nuggets eroding from adjacent shoreline
|
| other 'isms' (except ecumenicism) need
| |
| | indicated copper manufacture on the site.
|
| close scrutiny. The area of the Snake
| |
| | (See Rapp 1984 regarding raw material
|
| River in east central Minnesota may have
| |
| | source of the copper here.) Steinbring
|
| been the site of copper mining when the
| |
| | 1975 is cross-listed under Section I with
|
| glaciers covered the Great Lakes. Would
| |
| | notes on other contents. 1971 Test
|
| it be possible for people 20,000 years
| |
| | excavation at the Fish Lake Dam Site,
|
| ago to have been mining these sites and
| |
| | Minnesota. 'The Minnesota Archaeologist'
|
| lost their access due to the glaciers? We
| |
| | 31 (1):3-40.
|
| humbly suggest this is the case and that
| |
| | This site, located 20 miles northwest of
|
| they then returned as the glaciers
| |
| | Duluth, Minnesota, was investigated by
|
| melted. Petaga Point and work by Peter
| |
| | the University of Winnipeg in 1969.
|
| Bleed in 1969 may offer a starting point
| |
| | {Duluth is the key area of the iron ore
|
| for that kind of thinking. He wrote The
| |
| | range of today (Mesabi) and would have
|
| Archaeology of Petaga Point: The
| |
| | been a port for the Aztlan culture when
|
| Preceramic Component by the Minnesota
| |
| | the Old Copper Civilization was mining
|
| Historical Society.
| |
| | Isle Royale.} Copper artifacts were first
|
| "Petaga Point is a multicomponent site in
| |
| | discovered here by a collector in
|
| central Minnesota near Mille Lacs Lake.
| |
| | association with "Late Paleo/Boreal
|
| The earliest levels appear to have Old
| |
| | Archaic" lithic artifacts. A few copper
|
| Copper affiliations. The stratigraphy of
| |
| | artifacts were discovered in 1969, also
|
| the site was badly disturbed by forest
| |
| | with typologically Plano materials. The
|
| clearing and modern habitation, and the
| |
| | stratigraphy was essentially destroyed,
|
| presented stratigraphy is basically a
| |
| | but because there were no ceramics
|
| statistical reconstruction. In this book,
| |
| | present all the pre-historic material was
|
| Bleed is the first to suggest a possible
| |
| | treated as a single Archaic component.
|
| native copper source in the area of the
| |
| | Many copper artifacts were reportedly
|
| Snake river in east central
| |
| | removed from the vicinity in the early
|
| Minnesota."(1)
| |
| | 1900s, from sites which are believed to
|
| This area is included in the culture we
| |
| | now be under water."(4)
|
| call Aztlan and involves Wisconsin sites
| |
| | SUMMARY AND THE X FACTOR:
|
| such as Reigh, Osceola and Riverside.
| |
| | We must make some guesses that are
|
| These sites may explain why there are no
| |
| | totally speculative to try to tie some of
|
| burials on Isle Royale or the Superior
| |
| | this information into a common sense
|
| copper mining sites to the north. In the
| |
| | perspective. The geologic record which we
|
| case of Riverside it is much later
| |
| | dealt with in earlier chapters assures us
|
| according to the archaeologic data and
| |
| | that the Hudson/Lake Champlain or
|
| 1045 B.C. would have been a period of the
| |
| | Richelieu Valley was a prime conduit for
|
| Dark Ages when much worldwide technology
| |
| | the water from the Great Lakes at some
|
| was lost after the Trojan War. Walter
| |
| | point. It may have occurred at different
|
| Kenyon wrote about a site on the shores
| |
| | points as the native Indians speak of the
|
| of the present day Lake Huron which was
| |
| | river that flows both ways. The rise of
|
| further inland and relates to a time when
| |
| | land after the glacial retreat
|
| the Great Lakes were far differently
| |
| | contributes to the landforms that stand
|
| configured.
| |
| | in the way of access for Lake
|
| "The Inverhuron site, located on the east
| |
| | Memphremagog or Lake Champlain to the
|
| shore of Lake Huron in Ontario, was
| |
| | waters of the St. Lawrence. There would
|
| excavated in 1956. The archaeological
| |
| | have been a time before the horses of
|
| materials are contained in beach
| |
| | America were extinct (not the anomalous
|
| deposits, with earlier materials farther
| |
| | one noted, but back to 8,350 BC and
|
| back from the present shore. A conical
| |
| | before) when the glaciers still locked
|
| copper point was recovered from the
| |
| | the mouth of the St. Lawrence.
|
| limited testing of the extensive Archaic
| |
| | Memphremagog was probably not the mouth
|
| component. Kenyon compares it to those
| |
| | of any great water system at this time
|
| found at Farquhar Lake (Popham & Emerson
| |
| | but pre-glacial lakes in front of the
|
| 1954:18). He also describes a stone adze
| |
| | retreating glaciers would have been there
|
| with an unusual form which he feels may
| |
| | at some point.
|
| have been derived from Old Copper
| |
| | It is probably just a stretch of my
|
| celts."(2)
| |
| | fertile imagination to suggest that there
|
| The next brief report raises the issue of
| |
| | were knowledgeable people who had
|
| the horse that was once native to North
| |
| | harvested copper from the surface of the
|
| America. It disappeared around 8,000 B.C
| |
| | Lake Superior region before the glaciers
|
| after the Carolina Bays Meteors that are
| |
| | advanced. If this 'float ore' left from
|
| responsible for many of the
| |
| | earlier glacial effects had been found
|
| instrumentation effects in the lower to
| |
| | when the National Geographic and others
|
| middle Bermuda Triangle region. The horse
| |
| | acknowledge Europeans and earlier Asians
|
| may thus have actually been used in
| |
| | arrived in the Americas would they have
|
| native copper mining of America. But we
| |
| | found them useful and returned to Europe
|
| are convinced the issue of who the
| |
| | with the information, or with other
|
| natives are that did this mining, is
| |
| | intent (Including War) to show those who
|
| significantly up in the air or an
| |
| | threw them out of their homeland? If that
|
| outright cover-up (If you are inclined to
| |
| | occurred and they kept the verbal
|
| conspiracies other than 'LOVE' as Father
| |
| | tradition alive through all the last
|
| Pierre de Chardin who worked on Piltdown
| |
| | stage of glacial advances that covered
|
| and with Black in China, asked us to
| |
| | the Great Lakes they might also have
|
| begin.).
| |
| | found a time when the Connecticut River
|
| "1954 The Old Copper Assemblage and
| |
| | appealed to them and they began mining
|
| Extinct Animals. 'American Antiquity'
| |
| | around 10,500 years ago or before when
|
| 20:169-170.
| |
| | the lower Great Lakes were uncovered. The
|
| Quimby analyses an occurrence of deeply
| |
| | marble and quartz of the region around
|
| buried copper artifacts and associated
| |
| | the Laurentian Shield of southern Ontario
|
| animal bones near Fort Williams in
| |
| | and Quebec might have been enough to
|
| southwest Ontario. The discovery, made in
| |
| | interest them while waiting to get at the
|
| 1913 and 1916, was recorded in a
| |
| | copper.
|
| geological report. Quimby reasons that
| |
| | If this scenario has any credence it
|
| the site may date to the Altithermal,
| |
| | seems likely that the Chinese or Asian/Mu
|
| approximately 3500-2000 B.C., and that
| |
| | people were involved in Aztlan at this
|
| the bones are those of the bison and the
| |
| | time and before as well. I can find no
|
| extinct native horse." (3)
| |
| | specific evidence of when the Mu people
|
| This extinct native horse is around later
| |
| | fought the remnants of the mythical
|
| than other data unequivocally states the
| |
| | Atlantis except a record on the frieze at
|
| horse was extinct in North America. It is
| |
| | Chichen Itza which could relate to any
|
| almost too hard to believe there would be
| |
| | time period or peoples. There are lots of
|
| no other horse remains over a period of
| |
| | legends to suggest they were in contact
|
| even a thousand years unless they were
| |
| | and we know for sure they were living
|
| all completely domesticated and the bones
| |
| | together in the Tarim Basin near
|
| didn't exist because their owners
| |
| | Ürümchi; or even earlier when the Great
|
| cremated them in reverence. That is
| |
| | Lop-Nor was a real Mediterranean Sea
|
| indeed a possibility when one considers
| |
| | between two huge mountain ranges. Lao Tzu
|
| the relationship various Keltic peoples
| |
| | went there at the end of his life to see
|
| had for the horse (but highly unlikely
| |
| | the 'Ancient Masters'.
|
| due to the way horses thrive in the
| |
| | We know the Uighurs fought major battles
|
| wild.). Might we suggest another
| |
| | around 17,000 years ago as the glaciers
|
| alternative? The horses found here had
| |
| | retreated in Asia. They might also have
|
| been brought to America to work milling
| |
| | fought in America at this time. The
|
| machines on the route to the Trent or
| |
| | racial make-up of the Uighurs is
|
| other Ontario river system routes that
| |
| | uncertain and may include a mixture of
|
| were used once the Ottawa River was no
| |
| | red-heads with Chinese as we saw in the
|
| longer the conduit for Great Lakes water?
| |
| | Altaic region and Ürümchi. The
|
| This is at the end of the Old Copper
| |
| | Solutrean culture of Europe had a
|
| culture and the location the horse was
| |
| | technology that would fit with the Clovis
|
| found is in close proximity to Isle
| |
| | culture that spread across America at
|
| Royale. I don't think this is a
| |
| | this time. "The Solutrean culture of
|
| co-incidence.
| |
| | western Europe, dating between 24,000 and
|
| In addition to the eastern routes
| |
| | 16,500 years ago, shows a similar lithic
|
| including Lake Champlain and Memphremagog
| |
| | technology to that used to produce Clovis
|
| there appears to have been some overland
| |
| | tools. The two cultures also share
|
| western route that led to the Fox or
| |
| | bone-shaping techniques,
|
| Aleutian Islands and even to Vancouver
| |
| | pebble-decorating artistry, the unusual
|
| Island. In collating this information a
| |
| | tradition of burying stone tools in
|
| University of Minnesota researcher brings
| |
| | caches filled with red ocher, and other
|
| together many interesting facts that
| |
| | traits." This is also taken from
|
| indicate southwestern Ontario became the
| |
| | Encyclopedia Smithsonian. (5)
|
| site of processing or manufacturing for
| |
| | So the people of America may be those who
|
| copper after the sites on the Ottawa
| |
| | retreated before the Uighurs or they may
|
| River are reported as being no longer in
| |
| | be the Uighurs after they were thrown
|
| use by J. V. Wright that we have spoken
| |
| | back or they may be totally unconnected.
|
| of often. There are many routes from Lake
| |
| | Nonetheless this is a period when we can
|
| Huron to Lake Ontario that may have been
| |
| | fit the Aztlan culture into place near
|
| taken during this period. One of them is
| |
| | the receding glaciers of Lake Superior
|
| only a few hundred yards or a little more
| |
| | and Minnesota's 10,000 lakes of today.
|
| than a mile from where I now live in
| |
| | But it is even more likely that there was
|
| Toronto. The Humber River may have
| |
| | a great influx of people from Central
|
| connected with Georgian Bay. Lake Simcoe
| |
| | Asia into North America long before these
|
| and the Trent system seem likely at
| |
| | dates. AND THEY ARE NOT ASIAN! This
|
| certain times after 2000 B.C. when the
| |
| | Haplogroup X genetic marker proof is so
|
| trade may have shifted away from a heavy
| |
| | aligned with our theory regarding certain
|
| emphasis on copper. The horse being part
| |
| | Indian tribes as to be scary; therefore I
|
| of this in a period five thousand years
| |
| | do not want to focus on it too much.
|
| after their extinction is hard to fathom
| |
| | There are debunkers who say it may not be
|
| unless we connect with the European
| |
| | so correct and it is too early to tell.
|
| contacts we are making.
| |
| | But the more recent 'Y' Chromosome
|
| Processing Centers of a Non-Indigenous
| |
| | research of Professor Jones confirms and
|
| Nature For each Route:
| |
| | extends the 'X' research. The Sioux are
|
| 1975 Taxonomic and Associated
| |
| | known to have moved from the mound
|
| Considerations of Copper Technology
| |
| | builder site and we have commented on the
|
| During the Archaic Tradition. Ph. D.
| |
| | Ojibwa of Manitoulin and their copper.
|
| Dissertation, University of Minnesota,
| |
| | The Northwest roots of the Navajo ties in
|
| Minneapolis.
| |
| | with the linguistic similarity between
|
| This source provides the first detailed
| |
| | Basque, SE Asia and Mayan through the
|
| information on four sites related to the
| |
| | Denhe of the Northwest as we covered
|
| Old Copper complex. PICKEREL LAKE (aka
| |
| | before. It might be a stretch to say our
|
| "Sarberg"), collected 1968-71, is located
| |
| | trepanning connection to the Yakima in
|
| in Quetico Park, southwest Ontario.
| |
| | the Pacific Northwest exists but I know
|
| Copper artifacts were found along a beach
| |
| | you will have to admit my guesswork has
|
| and rocky shore by campers, along with
| |
| | found great support through genetics. I
|
| corner notched lithic points. There were
| |
| | also have Walter Kenyon providing
|
| indications of copper manufacture.
| |
| | something he did not fully understand in
|
| {N.B.!}Steinbring examines that
| |
| | esoteric rituals having to do with
|
| possibility that this site, which
| |
| | trepanning; far away from the Yakima and
|
| strongly resembles the McCollum site, may
| |
| | on the eastern Copper Route to Europe and
|
| represent the last vestiges of the Old
| |
| | the Mediterranean.
|
| Copper complex. TULABI FALLS, Whiteshell
| |
| | References:
|
| Provincial Park, Manitoba, was excavated
| |
| | 1) op cit., pg. 1 of 6.
|
| in 1972. The site contained 4 copper
| |
| | 2) IBID., pg. 3 of 6.
|
| artifacts, rich faunal remains and no
| |
| | 3) IBID., pg. 4 of 6.
|
| signs of copper manufacture. WHITEMOUTH
| |
| | 4) IBID., pg.5 of 6.
|
| FALLS on the Winnipeg River in Manitoba
| |
| |
|
