Covered Bridges - Discovering A North American Living History

Covered Bridges first appeared in the U.S. aroundHistorians believe the red coating makes the
1805, but the history of these monuments tobridge seem more like a barn to a horse, and as
another age date back thousands of years tohorses tended to be skittish about crossing above
China. Covered bridges had also existed in Europeflowing water, the illusion helped farmers and
since medieval times and there were oncetravelers navigate the obstacle with little incident
hundreds of them in Switzerland, Austria andfrom their four-legged friends.
Germany.THE CHANGING FACE OF THE COVERED
But it's here in the Northeastern U.S., whereBRIDGE IN NORTH AMERICA
wooden covered bridge design and constructionAs the twentieth century progressed bridge
reached its pinnacle in the nineteenth century. Aconstruction changed and metal manufactured
combination of pressing need, plentiful old growthtruss bridges became first choice over wood. The
northern forests, and sheer Yankee ingenuity,ease of construction, increased strength, and low
advanced the development of wooden coveredcost of these metal bridges became too
bridges to a rare combination of marvelousoverwhelming to ignore for budget conscious
engineering feats that were also pleasing to thecommunities in the U.S.
eye.The "work horse" bridges of the 19th century
WHY SO MANY COVERED BRIDGES IN THEgave way to economics, and most wooden
NORTHEAST?covered bridges in the U.S. quickly disappeared,
The northeast is a region of rivers, streams andexcept for the 800 left for admirers to view
creeks. As the population surged out away fromtoday. Though many of the remaining covered
coastal areas into the forested interior, villagesbridges still carry traffic - even cars - most are
sprung up near water sources. The water sourcekept and maintained for tourism, and as a
was used to power mills in these towns, andreminder of our heritage.
villages often developed on both banks of aVIEWING OF COVERED BRIDGES...
stream or river. Bridges were the obvious answerFor sheer volume Pennsylvania and Vermont take
to connect these divided communities, andhonors, accounting for well over a third of the
provide access for townsfolk to things like school,remaining bridges.
worship, and supplies.Self-guided tours are also popular in New England
But why cover them?for covered bridge vacations, particularly in
While much speculation has been put forth on thisVermont and New Hampshire where many of the
topic; the simple answer is protection against thebridges are close to other destination and
weather for the bridge. Here in New England,attraction spots.
where I live, covered wooden bridges last aboutAs a covered bridge enthusiast I can tell you half
three times as long as those exposed to thethe fun is finding the bridges. The major highways
elements, and reduce bridge maintenance as well.bypassed the roads where most bridges are
During the 19th and early 20th century very fewlocated many years ago, making the remoteness
bridges built were not covered.of a covered bridge sometimes an adventure in
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT COVEREDlocating. While covered bridges make ideal photo
BRIDGES...opportunities there's much more to view than just
Most historians agree the first covered bridge ina pretty picture.
America was The Permanent Bridge completed inExperts suggest appreciating the bridge by first
1805 in Pennsylvania, originally designed bytaking in the design and massive timbers used in
Timothy Palmer from New England. The longestthe framework. For authentic bridges these
known covered bridge is The Hartland in Newtimbers came from virgin forests where 100 feet
Brunswick, Canada, which at 1,282 feet spans thehigh trees were common.
Saint John River.As you view an authentic covered bridge
But perhaps the most famous covered bridgesremember it was built for a simple functional
are in Madison County, Iowa. The Bridges ofpurpose - getting from one bank to other. But it
Madison County used to number 19, but todaywas constructed with the skill and care of
only six survive. Robert James Waller's novel, andcraftsmen, who've unwittingly left a rich heritage
the movie of the same name, popularized thesefor future generations to enjoy. Treasure these
bridges to millions worldwide, and also providedwoodworking masterpieces as you travel rural
evidence that covered bridges in North AmericaNorth America, and rediscover a symbol of the
are by no means limited to the Northeast region.pioneering spirit that embraced both U.S. and
A question often asked is why so many of theCanada during the nineteenth century.
bridges are painted red on the outside?