| Egyptian scholars know there is little | | | | archaeological materials are contained |
| other than fiction that can be written | | | | in beach deposits, with earlier |
| about the civilization that lived on the | | | | materials farther back from the present |
| banks of the Nile in far more recent | | | | shore. A conical copper point was |
| times than the beginning of the 'Old | | | | recovered from the limited testing of |
| Copper Culture'. All these things are | | | | the extensive Archaic component. Kenyon |
| related and the old fictions are | | | | compares it to those found at Farquhar |
| replaceable with the story of a | | | | Lake (Popham & Emerson 1954:18). He also |
| worldwide culture with trading posts in | | | | describes a stone adze with an unusual |
| each and every part of the world. Is | | | | form which he feels may have been |
| there any remnant of cultural pride in | | | | derived from Old Copper celts."(2)The |
| Iran that treats the ancient | | | | next brief report raises the issue of |
| metallurgists of their region with a | | | | the horse that was once native to North |
| different kind of respect than our | | | | America. It disappeared around 8,000 B.C |
| history attributes to them? Does anyone | | | | after the Carolina Bays Meteors that are |
| think these nationalistic ideologues and | | | | responsible for many of the |
| pedagogues of today are real and honest | | | | instrumentation effects in the lower to |
| presenters of fact? The whole concept of | | | | middle Bermuda Triangle region. The |
| nationalism and most other 'isms' | | | | horse may thus have actually been used |
| (except ecumenicism) need close | | | | in native copper mining of America. But |
| scrutiny. The area of the Snake River in | | | | we are convinced the issue of who the |
| east central Minnesota may have been the | | | | natives are that did this mining, is |
| site of copper mining when the glaciers | | | | significantly up in the air or an |
| covered the Great Lakes. Would it be | | | | outright cover-up (If you are inclined |
| possible for people 20,000 years ago to | | | | to conspiracies other than 'LOVE' as |
| have been mining these sites and lost | | | | Father Pierre de Chardin who worked on |
| their access due to the glaciers? We | | | | Piltdown and with Black in China, asked |
| humbly suggest this is the case and that | | | | us to begin.)."1954 The Old Copper |
| they then returned as the glaciers | | | | Assemblage and Extinct Animals. |
| melted. Petaga Point and work by Peter | | | | 'American Antiquity' 20:169-170.Quimby |
| Bleed in 1969 may offer a starting point | | | | analyses an occurrence of deeply buried |
| for that kind of thinking. He wrote The | | | | copper artifacts and associated animal |
| Archaeology of Petaga Point: The | | | | bones near Fort Williams in southwest |
| Preceramic Component by the Minnesota | | | | Ontario. The discovery, made in 1913 and |
| Historical Society."Petaga Point is a | | | | 1916, was recorded in a geological |
| multicomponent site in central Minnesota | | | | report. Quimby reasons that the site may |
| near Mille Lacs Lake. The earliest | | | | date to the Altithermal, approximately |
| levels appear to have Old Copper | | | | 3500-2000 B.C., and that the bones are |
| affiliations. The stratigraphy of the | | | | those of the bison and the extinct |
| site was badly disturbed by forest | | | | native horse." (3)This extinct native |
| clearing and modern habitation, and the | | | | horse is around later than other data |
| presented stratigraphy is basically a | | | | unequivocally states the horse was |
| statistical reconstruction. In this | | | | extinct in North America. It is almost |
| book, Bleed is the first to suggest a | | | | too hard to believe there would be no |
| possible native copper source in the | | | | other horse remains over a period of |
| area of the Snake river in east central | | | | even a thousand years unless they were |
| Minnesota."(1)This area is included in | | | | all completely domesticated and the |
| the culture we call Aztlan and involves | | | | bones didn't exist because their owners |
| Wisconsin sites such as Reigh, Osceola | | | | cremated them in reverence. That is |
| and Riverside. These sites may explain | | | | indeed a possibility when one considers |
| why there are no burials on Isle Royale | | | | the relationship various Keltic peoples |
| or the Superior copper mining sites to | | | | had for the horse (but highly unlikely |
| the north. In the case of Riverside it | | | | due to the way horses thrive in the |
| is much later according to the | | | | wild.). Might we suggest another |
| archaeologic data and 1045 B.C. would | | | | alternative? The horses found here had |
| have been a period of the Dark Ages when | | | | been brought to America to work milling |
| much worldwide technology was lost after | | | | machines on the route to the Trent or |
| the Trojan War. Walter Kenyon wrote | | | | other Ontario river system routes that |
| about a site on the shores of the | | | | were used once the Ottawa River was no |
| present day Lake Huron which was further | | | | longer the conduit for Great Lakes |
| inland and relates to a time when the | | | | water? This is at the end of the Old |
| Great Lakes were far differently | | | | Copper culture and the location the |
| configured."The Inverhuron site, located | | | | horse was found is in close proximity to |
| on the east shore of Lake Huron in | | | | Isle Royale. |
| Ontario, was excavated in 1956. The | | | | |